Which symptoms are characteristic of acute mountain sickness (AMS)?

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is commonly experienced by individuals who ascend to high altitudes too quickly without proper acclimatization. The symptoms characterized by AMS typically include headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue.

Headache is particularly prevalent and may be the most common symptom reported by those affected. Dizziness is often noted as a result of decreased oxygen levels at high altitudes, leading to disorientation. Nausea is also a frequent complaint due to the body's reaction to reduced atmospheric pressure and subsequent hypoxia. Fatigue can arise from both the physical exertion of climbing to altitude and the physiological stress the body faces in trying to adapt to the lower oxygen environment.

The other choices provided do not align with the typical presentation of AMS. Increased appetite and energy are not symptoms associated with AMS; in fact, individuals often experience a reduced appetite due to nausea. Excessive sweating and hyperactivity do not reflect the physiological responses seen in AMS, which are more about decreased activity due to exhaustion and discomfort. Lastly, numbness in extremities may be indicative of other medical conditions, such as nerve compression or circulatory issues, rather than AMS, which focuses on the hypoxic effects of altitude on the body.