What is the role of oxygen systems in aircraft?

Oxygen systems in aircraft are primarily designed to provide supplemental oxygen to pilots and passengers when flying at altitudes where the atmospheric pressure is insufficient to ensure adequate oxygen levels for normal respiration. At altitudes above approximately 12,500 feet, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases, which can lead to hypoxia—a condition where the body does not receive enough oxygen.

The supplemental oxygen ensures that both pilots and passengers can maintain optimal cognitive and physical performance, thereby enhancing safety during flight, particularly in emergencies such as rapid decompression or in situations where cabin pressurization is compromised.

The other options address functions that, while important in aviation, do not relate directly to the primary function of oxygen systems. Managing cabin temperature is usually handled by environmental control systems, cabin pressure regulation is a separate function often managed through pressurization systems, and enhancing communication systems involves other technologies and equipment.